ROAS (Return on Ad Spend) = Revenue ÷ Ad Spend. It measures revenue generated per dollar of ad spend. ROI (Return on Investment) = (Revenue − Total Costs) ÷ Total Costs × 100. ROAS only accounts for ad spend, while ROI includes all costs (COGS, overhead, etc.). A 4x ROAS means you generate $4 in revenue for every $1 spent on ads, but this does not mean you are profitable — you also need to account for product costs and operating expenses.